September 2, 2010 – 10:08 am
More from a Release dated August 31, sourced from American Institute of Physics:
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Tagged american institute of physics, blended mixture, college park md, dyes, india reports, institute of physics, medical industries, mehra, microelectronics, solar cells, solar devices, sustainable energy, thin films, third generation, third generation solar cells, to make computer chips, university of delhi, wet chemistry, wild west, working with colleagues, zinc oxide
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August 30, 2010 – 3:07 pm
China Industrial Waste Management Inc has reported:
- “The treatment of solid waste by means of cement kilns is a goal of waste management professionals around the world and represents a growing trend.”
- “An important advantage of this approach is the combination of environmental benefits and resource utilization.”
- “Countries with developed waste management infrastructures, such as Japan, Sweden and the United States, reduce coal usage by millions of tons per year by employing cement kiln techniques.”
- “In this process, certain organic waste products are used as fuel in the
production of cement, which otherwise would consume significant quantities of fossil fuels-typically coal.”
- “Moreover, some inorganic wastes, such as casting sand, are used as raw materials for the cement.”
- “Candidate waste materials include a wide variety of items, such as waste tires and waste plastics, along with hazardous wastes such as solvents and oils .”
More from a Release dated August 30, sourced from China Industrial Waste Management Inc:
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Tagged casting sand, cement kiln, cement kilns, cement producer, cement production, china today, coal usage, cooperation contract, industrial waste management, management capacity, organic waste products, solid waste, solid waste incineration, taiheiyo cement, waste management professionals, waste materials, waste plastics, waste tires
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August 29, 2010 – 12:43 pm
- “Lignocellulosic biomass offers economic and environmental advantages over corn starch for biofuels production.”1
- “However, its fractionation currently requires energy-intensive pretreatments, due to the lignin chemical resistance and complex cell wall structure.”
- “Recently, ionic liquids have been used to dissolve biomass at high temperatures.”
Researchers from Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; have presented an article titled: “Ionic liquid pretreatment of poplar wood at room temperature: swelling and incorporation of nanoparticles.”
The researchers from Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; have also noted:
- “In this study, thin sections of poplar wood were swollen by ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) pretreatment at room temperature.”
- “The samples contract when rinsed with deionized water.”
- “The controlled expansion and contraction of the wood structure can be used to incorporate enzymes and catalysts deep into the wood structure for improved pretreatments and accelerated cellulose hydrolysis.”
- “As a proof of concept, silver and gold nanoparticles of diameters ranging from 20 to 100 nm were incorporated at depths up to 4 mum.”
- “Confocal surface-enhanced Raman images at different depths show that a significant number of nanoparticles were incorporated into the pretreated sample, and they remained on the samples after rinsing.”
- “Quantitative X-ray fluorescence microanalyses indicate that the majority of nanoparticle incorporation occurs after an ionic liquid pretreatment of less than 1 h.”
- “In addition to improved pretreatments, the incorporation of materials and chemicals into wood and paper products enables isotope tracing, development of new sensing, and imaging capabilities.”
(1) Lucas M, Macdonald BA, Wagner GL, Joyce SA, Rector KD: Ionic liquid pretreatment of poplar wood at room temperature: swelling and incorporation of nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010 Aug;2(8):2198-205.
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Posted in biofuel
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Tagged 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, accelerated cellulose hydrolysis, cell wall structure, chemical resistance, corn starch, environmental advantages, enzymes and catalysts, expansion and contraction, gold nanoparticles, high temperatures, ionic liquid, ionic liquids, isotope tracing, liquid pretreatment, los alamos national laboratory, los alamos new mexico, mexico usa, poplar wood, pretreatment, proof of concept, room temperature, silver nanoparticles, swollen, thin sections, wood structure, x ray fluorescence
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August 27, 2010 – 10:34 pm
- “The economy of the production of lignocellulosic ethanol could be supported by the simultaneous use of different components of the biomass other than sugars.”1
- “Among these, protein is present at high concentration in leaves and is a candidate for different possible utilizations.”
Researchers from Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; have presented an article titled: “Protein extraction from biomass in a bioethanol refinery – Possible dietary applications: Use as animal feed and potential extension to human consumption.”
The researchers from Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; have also noted:
- “Among dietary applications, plant protein may be used as animal feed and possibly extended to human consumption, in close similarity to leaf protein concentrates already proposed in the past.”
- “This would be especially beneficial for developing countries.”
- “For this aim, protein quality plays a crucial role: separating only the noble fraction of protein in biomass and preserving its nutritional value, while simultaneously obtaining good yields and limiting drawbacks on other steps of the production chain is particularly challenging from a technical viewpoint.”
- “In this review, we compare the possible extraction of protein from dry biomass with the more commonly studied situation in which freshly harvested material is used, with special focus on dietary implications.”
(1) Chiesa S, Gnansounou E: Protein extraction from biomass in a bioethanol refinery – Possible dietary applications: Use as animal feed and potential extension to human consumption. Bioresour Technol. 2010 Aug 6; (Article in Press)
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Posted in biofuel
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Tagged animal feed, bioenergy, bioethanol refinery, biomass, chiesa, different components, ecole polytechnique fédérale, ecole polytechnique fédérale de lausanne, ethanol, human consumption, lausanne switzerland, nutritional value, planning research, plant protein, protein extraction, protein quality, refinery, research group, similarity, technical viewpoint, technol
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August 25, 2010 – 6:57 am
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden has informed:
- “From the beginning, we have been a nation of discovery and innovation – and today we continue in that tradition as Recovery Act investments pave the way for game-changing breakthroughs in transportation, energy and medical research …”
- “We’re planting the seeds of innovation, but private companies and the nation’s top researchers are helping them grow, launching entire new industries, transforming our economy and creating hundreds of thousands of new jobs in the process.”
More from a Release dated August 24, sourced from DOE/US Department of Energy:
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Tagged 25 MW DeSoto Solar Park, act report, advances in science, all-electric vehicles, american economy, american innovation, cost of a personal human genome map, cost of power from rooftop solar panels, cost of solar power, department of energy, DeSoto Solar Park, florida, health information technology infrastructure, hundreds of thousands, joe biden, latest solar technologies, lighter battery, lighter car, major science, medical research, Pensacola, plug-in hybrid, private companies, recovery act, science and technology, science and technology breakthroughs, seeds, silicon solar panel, smart energy grid, thousands of new jobs, transportation energy, us department of energy
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August 24, 2010 – 11:06 pm
Radhakrishna Sureshkumar, Professor and Chair of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, from the L C Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science, has said:
- “Algae produce triglycerides, which consist of fatty acids and glycerin.”
- “The fatty acids can be turned into biodiesel while the glycerin is a valuable byproduct …”
- “Molecular biologists are actively seeking ways to engineer optimal algae strains for biofuel production.”
- “Enhancing the phototropic growth rate of such optimal organisms translates to increased productivity in harvesting the feedstock.”
More from a Release dated August 24, sourced from Syracuse University:
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Tagged algae culture, algae growth, biofuel production, biofuels, bioreactor, college of engineering, ecological resources, ecological sustainability, economical production, fatty acids, feedstock, glycerin, light particles, microalgal growth, minimal change, molecular biologists, nanobiotechnology, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, optimal combination, phototropic growth, promising step, smith college, syracuse university, the ecological resources, wani
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August 22, 2010 – 10:59 pm
- “The pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis is essential to the sugar yield and bioethanol production.”1
Researchers from FPInnovations, Quebec, Canada; have presented an article titled: “Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Black Spruce Using Continuous Steam Explosion System.”
The researchers from FPInnovations, Quebec, Canada; have also noted:
- “Dilute acid hydrolysis of black spruce softwood chip was performed in a continuous high temperature reactor followed with steam explosion and mechanical refining.”
- “The acid-soaked wood chips were pretreated under different feeding rates (60 and 92 kg/h), cooking screw rotation speeds (7.2 and 14.4 rpm), and steam pressures (12 and 15 bar).”
- “The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out on the acid-insoluble fraction of pretreated material.”
- “At lower feeding rate, the pretreatment at low steam pressure and short retention time favored the recovery of hemicellulose.”
- “The pretreatment at high steam pressure and longer retention time recovered less hemicellulose but improved the enzymatic accessibility.”
- “As a result, the overall sugar yields became similar no matter what levels of the retention time or steam pressure.”
- “Comparing with lower feeding rate, higher feeding rate resulted in consistently higher glucose yield in both liquid fraction after pretreatment and that released after enzymatic hydrolysis.”
(1) Fang H, Deng J, Zhang T: Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Black Spruce Using Continuous Steam Explosion System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2010 Aug 20; (Article in Press)
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Tagged biochem, bioethanol production, biotechnol, black spruce, deng, dilute acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, glucose, hemicellulose, hemicellulose sugars, high steam pressure, high temperature, lignocellulosic materials, liquid fraction, pretreatment, quebec canada, reactor, retention time, rotation speeds, softwood chip, steam explosion, steam pressure, sugar yields, wood chips
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August 21, 2010 – 10:44 pm
- “The biological delignification of lignocellulosic feedstocks, Prosopis juliflora and Lantana camara was carried out with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, a white rot fungus, at different scales under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and the fungal treated substrates were evaluated for their acid and enzymatic saccharification.”1
Researchers from Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India; have presented an article titled: “Fungal delignification of lignocellulosic biomass improves the saccharification of cellulosics.”
The researchers from Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India; have also noted:
- “The fungal fermentation at 10.0 g substrate level optimally delignified the P. juliflora by 11.89% and L. camara by 8.36%, and enriched their holocellulose content by 3.32 and 4.87%, respectively, after 15 days.”
- “The fungal delignification when scaled up from 10.0 g to 75.0, 200.0 and 500.0 g substrate level, the fungus degraded about 7.69-10.08% lignin in P.”
- “juliflora and 6.89-7.31% in L. camara, and eventually enhanced the holocellulose content by 2.90-3.97 and 4.25-4.61%, respectively.”
- “Furthermore, when the fungal fermented L. camara and P. juliflora was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid, the sugar release was increased by 21.4-42.4% and the phenolics content in hydrolysate was decreased by 18.46 and 19.88%, as compared to the unfermented substrate acid hydrolysis, respectively.”
- “The reduction of phenolics in acid hydrolysates of fungal treated substrates decreased the amount of detoxifying material (activated charcoal) by 25.0-33.0% as compared to the amount required to reduce almost the same level of phenolics from unfermented substrate hydrolysates.”
- “Moreover, an increment of 21.1-25.1% sugar release was obtained when fungal treated substrates were enzymatically hydrolysed as compared to the hydrolysis of unfermented substrates.”
- “This study clearly shows that fungal delignification holds potential in utilizing plant residues for the production of sugars and biofuels.”
(1) Gupta R, Mehta G, Khasa YP, Kuhad RC: Fungal delignification of lignocellulosic biomass improves the saccharification of cellulosics. Biodegradation. 2010 Aug 14; (Article in Press)
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Posted in biofuel
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Tagged acid hydrolysis, activated charcoal, biomass, biotechnology laboratory, delignification, department of microbiology, enzymatic saccharification, feedstocks, fungal delignification, hydrolysates, ignocellulose biotechnology laboratory, increment, india, lantana camara, lignin, lignocellulosic feedstocks, new delhi, new delhi india, pycnoporus cinnabarinus, rot fungus, solid state, ssf, substrate, substrates, sulphuric acid, university of delhi, university of delhi south campus, white rot
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August 20, 2010 – 10:12 pm
- “… review of the main sludge treatment techniques used as a pretreatment to anaerobic digestion.”1
Researchers from INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Narbonne, France; have presented an article titled: “Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: A review.”
The researchers from INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Narbonne, France; have also noted:
- “These processes include biological (largely thermal phased anaerobic), thermal hydrolysis, mechanical (such as ultrasound, high pressure and lysis), chemical with oxidation (mainly ozonation), and alkali treatments.”
- “The first three are the most widespread.”
- “Emphasis is put on their impact on the resulting sludge properties, on the potential biogas (renewable energy) production and on their application at industrial scale.”
- “Thermal biological provides a moderate performance increase over mesophilic digestion, with moderate energetic input.”
- “Mechanical treatment methods are comparable, and provide moderate performance improvements with moderate electrical input.”
- “Thermal hydrolysis provides substantial performance increases, with a substantial consumption of thermal energy.”
- “It is likely that low impact pretreatment methods such as mechanical and thermal phased improve speed of degradation, while high impact methods such as thermal hydrolysis or oxidation improve both speed and extent of degradation.”
- “While increased nutrient release can be a substantial cost in enhanced sludge destruction, it also offers opportunities to recover nutrients from a concentrated water stream as mineral fertiliser.”
(1) Carrère H, Dumas C, Battimelli A, Batstone DJ, Delgenès JP, Steyer JP, Ferrer I: Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: A review. J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jul 7; (Article in Press)
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Posted in biofuel
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Tagged anaerobic digestion, batstone, electrical input, enhanced sludge destruction, france, hydrolysis, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, mechanical treatment, mineral fertiliser, moderate performance, Narbonne, narbonne france, nutrient release, ozonation, performance improvements, performance increase, performance increases, pretreatment, renewable energy production, sludge treatment, steyer, substantial performance, thermal energy, water stream
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August 18, 2010 – 9:32 pm
- “To construct a self-cloning brewer’s yeast that can minimize the unfavourable flavours caused by oxidation and certain kinds of sulfur compounds.”1
Researchers from Research Laboratory of Brewing Technology, Asahi Breweries Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan; have presented an article titled: “Construction and evaluation of self-cloning bottom-fermenting yeast with high SSU1 expression.”
The researchers from Research Laboratory of Brewing Technology, Asahi Breweries Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan; have also noted:
- “DNA fragments of a high-expression promoter from the TDH3 gene originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were integrated into the promoter regions of the S. cerevisiae-type and Saccharomyces bayanus-type SSU1 genes of bottom-fermenting brewer’s yeast.”
- “PCR and sequencing confirmed the TDH3 promoter was correctly introduced into the SSU1 regions of the constructed yeasts, and no foreign DNA sequences were found.”
- “Using the constructed yeasts, the concentration of sulfite in fermenting wort was higher when compared with the parent strain.”
- “In addition, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-thiol (MBT) and 2-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol (2M3MB) were lower when compared with the parent strain.”
- “We successfully constructed a self-cloning brewer’s yeast with high SSU1 expression that enhanced the sulfite-excreting ability and diminished the production ability of hydrogen sulfide, MBT and 2M3MB.”
- “The self-cloning brewer’s yeast with high SSU1 expression would contribute to the production of superior quality beer with a high concentration of sulfite and low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, MBT and 2M3MB.”
(1) Iijima K, Ogata T: Construction and evaluation of self-cloning bottom-fermenting yeast with high SSU1 expression. J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Jul 14; (Article in Press)
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Posted in research
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Tagged 2-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol, appl, bottom fermenting yeast, brewing technology, butanol, cloning, constructed yeasts, dna fragments, dna sequences, hydrogen sulfide, ibaraki japan, ogata, oxidation, parent strain, pcr, production ability, promoter regions, quality beer, research laboratory, self cloning, sulfite, sulfur compounds, yeast, yeasts
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